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Authoritarian populism is rising across the West. Here’s why. Many American commentators have had trouble understanding the rise of Donald Trump. How could such a figure surge to become the most likely standard- bearer for the GOP – much less have any chance of entering the White House? But Trump is far from unique. As many commentators have noted, he fits the wave of authoritarian populists whose support has swelled in many Western democracies.

The graph below from Parl. Gov data illustrates the surge in the share of the vote for populist authoritarian parliamentary parties (defined as rated 8.

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OECD countries. There’s been an increase in populist figures throughout the West over the past two decades Contemporary authoritarian populism is nothing new. On April 2. 1, 2. Jean- Marie Le Pen defeated France’s socialist Prime Minister Lionel Jospin in the first round of the French presidential elections. One of the best- known radical right leaders, Le Pen dismissed the Holocaust as a “detail of history.” All over France, millions of people protested at massive anti- Front National demonstrations. Less than three weeks later, on May 6, 2. Netherland’s flamboyant and controversial Pim Fortuyn was assassinated for his anti- immigrant and anti- Muslim views, leading to a sudden surge of support for his party in the general election.

The anti- immigrant Lijst Pim Fortuyn, formed just three months before the election, suddenly became the second largest party in the Dutch parliament and part of the governing coalition. Nor are these isolated successes. During the last two decades, parties led by populist authoritarian leaders have surged in popularity in many nations, gaining legislative seats, reaching ministerial office, and holding government power. Recently we’ve seen notable gains for the Swiss People’s Party, the Austrian Freedom Party, the Swedish Democrats, and the Danish People’s Party. Both the center- left and center- right are concerned about the current popularity of Marine Le Pen’s Front National, Matteo Salvini’s Northern League, and Geert Wilders’s Party for Freedom. In Hungary, the success of the neo- fascist Jobbik party pushed the ruling Fidesz party even further to the right; Hungary’s government is now building a wall against the waves of migrants flooding across Europe.

Border walls are trending. Latin America has its radical populism, with charismatic leaders like Hugo Chavez in Venezuela and Evo Morales in Bolivia. Some populist leaders and parties rise temporarily in opinion polls then plummet equally rapidly. In Britain, for example, the UK Independence Party won only a single seat in the May 2. But even flash parties can infect the political culture and mainstream parties; the UKIP fueled more rabid anti- European sentiments, and was one of the reasons Conservatives called the EU Brexit referendum.

Why is angry populism on the rise? The standard economic account explains populism as arising when growing inequality and social exclusion mobilize the dispossessed. Top-notch education from engaging speakers - all teaming up to build a school through Pencils of Promise. Join us April 25, 2017 for a one-day ONLINE summit for. THE RISE AND FALL OF JIM CROW explores segregation from the end of the civil war to the dawn of the modern civil rights movement. It was a brutal and oppressive era.

These 6 factors will make the difference. Populist appeals also draw support from certain characteristics associated with the center left, especially by appealing predominately to men, the less educated, and the economically marginalized. Why is angry populism on the rise? The standard economic account explains populism as arising when growing inequality and social exclusion mobilize the dispossessed. But populist authoritarian leaders have arisen in several affluent post- industrial “knowledge” societies, in cradle- to- grave welfare states with some of the best- educated and most secure populations in the world, like Sweden and Denmark — where you’d expect social tolerance and liberal attitudes instead of xenophobic appeals.

Some observers have offered U. S.- based explanations for Trump in particular, arguing that his popularity is a reaction to the election (and reelection) of the first African- American president to the White House; a backlash against Obama’ policies and style; public anger against fat cats in elections; or the tea party tilt pushing House Republicans to the right. But populists have gained in many modern democracies without any of this. We’re seeing a deep and strong a cultural backlash against changes in social values.

Here’s why. Populist authoritarianism can best be explained as a cultural backlash in Western societies against long- term, ongoing social change. Over recent decades, the World Values Survey shows that Western societies have been getting gradually more liberal on many social issues, especially among the younger generation and well- educated middle class. That includes egalitarian attitudes toward sex roles, tolerance of fluid gender identities and LGBT rights, support for same- sex marriage, tolerance of diversity, and more secular values, as well as what political scientists call emancipative values, engagement in directly assertive forms of democratic participation, and cosmopolitan support for agencies of global governance. This long- term generational shift threatens many traditionalists’ cultural values. Less educated and older citizens fear becoming marginalized and left behind within their own countries. Well before Trump, a substantial and striking education gap can be observed in American approval of authoritarian leaders. The WVS asked whether Americans approved of “having a strong leader who doesn’t have to bother with congress or elections.” The figure below shows a consistent education gap and growing support for this statement since 2.

Most remarkably, by the most recent wave in 2. U. S. If we look at a couple of the classic measures of tolerance toward sexual liberalization and value change – including toward homosexuality and abortion – the two figures below illustrate the size of the education gap on these issues. Finding a gap is hardly headline news in the research literature. But the education gap appears to widen slightly over time.

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That suggests that U. S. Trump’s support appears to be fueled by a backlash among traditionalists (often men and the less educated) faced with rising American support for issues such as gay marriage, sexual equality, and tolerance of social diversity, all lumped under the phrase “political correctness.” Looking back, we can see precursors to the Trump movement, like the tea party. Whether or not Trump is elected, he and his followers have articulated a new brutalism and intolerance, altering what’s speakable in American politics. While the Trump phenomenon mirrors what’s happened elsewhere, most Western parliamentary democracies have many safeguards in place, so that even when populist authoritarian parties surge, they remain limited in seats and thus real power. At the March 1. 1 debate in Miami, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump was asked about fights at his events.

Here are some examples of the physical altercations that have occurred at rallies for Trump in recent months. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and ARC Laureate Fellow and professor of government and international relations at the University of Sydney.

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